Prevalence and Underdiagnosis of Dry Eye Disease in the General Population

Dry eye disease is a common condition that leads to discomfort and visual disturbances, especially as individuals age. Despite its high prevalence—affecting over half of the general population—only a small fraction of sufferers receive proper diagnosis and treatment. Recent research indicates that approximately 58% of people in the US and Europe experience symptoms of dry eyes, yet merely 20% of those are formally diagnosed by healthcare providers. This gap highlights a significant unmet need for awareness and medical intervention.

Multiple studies, including an extensive international survey called NESTS (Needs Unmet in Dry Eye: Symptoms, Treatment and Severity), have shed light on the patient journey and the delay in seeking care. Findings reveal that many individuals endure symptoms for years—sometimes over five—before consulting a healthcare professional. The consequences include impacts on daily activities such as night driving, makeup application, and comfortable environmental exposure.

The diagnosis of dry eye involves a combination of symptom evaluation, medical history, and specific clinical tests like tear film analysis and gland assessment. If left untreated, dry eyes may cause inflammation, blepharitis, and other ocular complications. The risk factors increase with age, hormonal changes, autoimmune conditions, and environmental factors like wind, cold, and air conditioning.

Experts emphasize the importance of public education and regular eye exams in managing this widespread condition. Improving awareness can lead to earlier diagnosis and tailored treatments, reducing the risk of complications and improving quality of life. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to discuss dry eye symptoms proactively and to differentiate among its various forms for better management.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-dry-eyes-affect-general-population.html