Menstrual Cycle Influences Women's Reaction Time More Than Physical Activity, But Exercise Has a Stronger Impact

Recent research from University College London reveals that while a woman's menstrual cycle can slightly influence reaction times, engaging in physical activity has a far more significant effect on cognitive performance. The study, published in Sports Medicine–Open, examined how different phases of the menstrual cycle and varying levels of physical activity impact mental processes such as reaction speed, attention, and movement accuracy. Findings showed that women responded fastest and made the fewest errors during ovulation, when fertility peaks and the body releases an egg. However, the most substantial difference was observed between active and inactive women, with inactive participants exhibiting reaction times approximately 70 milliseconds slower and making three times more impulsive errors than their active counterparts. This suggests that regular exercise, even moderate activity like a brisk walk or cycling for 15 minutes daily, can markedly enhance cognitive functions relevant to daily life and potentially reduce injury risk in sports. Dr. Flaminia Ronca, the study's lead author, emphasized that the improved reaction times during ovulation could be critical at the elite level, possibly affecting injury outcomes. Interestingly, subjective feelings of fatigue or symptoms during menstruation did not correlate with actual performance, indicating that perceptions may not accurately reflect cognitive ability. The research involved 54 women aged 18–40, categorized by their level of athletic participation, and tracked through the four key phases of the menstrual cycle. Participants completed questionnaires and cognitive tests timed with different cycle phases. The results confirmed that progesterone levels during the mid-luteal phase might slow cognitive processing but don't impair accuracy. The study underscores the importance of incorporating regular physical activity into women’s routines, highlighting that even non-competitive exercise can significantly benefit mental performance and overall well-being.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-10-menstrual-affect-women-reaction.html