Impact of Reduced Food Stamp Benefits on Food Security and Health in the U.S.

A recent study by health policy experts at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center's Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center highlights a concerning rise in food insecurity and deterioration in physical health among many Americans following the cessation of federal pandemic-era emergency assistance programs. This research, published in the journal JAMA, underscores how the ending of increased Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits—implemented during COVID-19—has adversely affected vulnerable populations.

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, widespread unemployment and economic challenges led to a sharp surge in food insecurity. To counteract this, Congress authorized the largest temporary boost to SNAP benefits ever, aiding over 40 million low-income Americans monthly. However, in March 2023, this pandemic-related increase was rolled back nationwide, resulting in families losing between $90 and $250 in monthly food assistance.

The study's lead author, Dr. Rishi Wadhera, reported that the decline in physical health observed after the reduction of SNAP benefits was comparable to the health declines seen during the peak of the pandemic. These findings are particularly significant as Congress considers potential budget cuts that could further reduce SNAP benefits.

SNAP serves approximately 12% of the U.S. population, with about 45% of enrollees being children, many adults working low-wage jobs, and a notable percentage over 65 or disabled. The researchers warn that decreasing benefits may directly harm the health of these already vulnerable groups.

Lead researcher Dr. Michael Liu pointed out that the rise in food insecurity likely contributed to worsened health outcomes. These include the exacerbation of diet-sensitive health conditions, the reliance on lower-quality food, and financial stress affecting health status.

This research emphasizes the importance of adequate nutrition assistance and highlights the potential health risks associated with policy decisions to cut SNAP funding. Ensuring sufficient support could prevent further declines in physical health among low-income Americans and reduce long-term healthcare costs.