Detection of Rare Brain-Eating Amoeba in Queensland Water Raises Safety Concerns

Recently, two towns in southwest Queensland—Augathella and Charleville—reported the presence of the dangerous microorganism Naegleria fowleri, commonly referred to as the 'brain-eating amoeba,' in their drinking water systems. This organism, known for causing a rare but nearly always fatal brain infection, was identified during water sample testing commissioned by Queensland Health. The affected towns are approximately 750 kilometers west of Brisbane, with populations of about 300 and 3,000 residents.

Naegleria fowleri typically inhabits warm freshwater environments such as hot springs, lakes, ponds, and rivers, thriving at temperatures between 25°C and 40°C. It is scarcely found in well-maintained water supplies, as Australian guidelines mandate regular testing to prevent contamination. The recent detection in the Queensland towns' water sources prompts investigations into possible contamination pathways, perhaps involving groundwater or nearby waterways.

The amoeba causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, an aggressive infection of the brain. Symptoms generally develop within three to seven days and include severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, nausea, hallucinations, confusion, and seizures. The disease progresses rapidly, and even with prompt medical intervention, the mortality rate exceeds 92%, with only a handful of survivors recorded globally.

Infection occurs primarily through water entering the nose, allowing the amoeba to bypass physical barriers and travel via the olfactory nerve to the brain. Activities such as swimming, water skiing, or rinsing the nasal passages in contaminated water significantly increase the risk. Importantly, the amoeba cannot survive in saltwater or chlorinated, properly maintained pools.

Regarding the recent findings, health authorities advise residents to avoid activities that force water up the nose in affected areas. Despite being a serious concern, the risk of contracting the disease from drinking water is minimal, as ingestion alone does not cause infection. Proper water disinfection and regular testing help keep water supplies safe.

To stay protected, individuals are recommended to keep their heads above water when swimming in warm freshwater sources, avoid diving or jumping into water, and use nose clips if necessary. The organizations continue to monitor the situation closely and prioritize safety measures.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-rare-brain-amoeba-queensland-safe.html