New Immunotherapy Approved in England for Severe Birch Pollen Allergies in Hay Fever Patients

Many individuals in the UK suffer from hay fever symptoms triggered by birch pollen, which affects approximately 25% of hay fever sufferers. During spring and summer, these individuals often experience sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, nasal congestion, and fatigue, significantly impacting their quality of life. Birch pollen is a prevalent allergen across Europe and the UK, with related trees such as alder, hazel, oak, hornbeam, and beech also contributing to allergic reactions. Symptoms typically peak in April and May but can extend from January to June, with climate change and rising temperatures making the pollen season longer and more intense.

Birch pollen allergies develop when the immune system erroneously perceives pollen proteins as harmful pathogens, leading to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Upon subsequent exposures, these antibodies trigger immune cells to release chemicals like histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, causing allergy symptoms such as itching, swelling, mucus production, and sneezing.

Traditionally, treatments for birch pollen allergies include antihistamines and corticosteroid nasal sprays. However, research indicates that these medications only provide significant relief for about 38% of patients, leaving many still struggling during pollen season.

Recently, the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) approved a new oral immunotherapy drug called Itulazax (betula verrucosa) for adults with severe birch pollen allergies who have not responded well to conventional treatments. Unlike standard medications, immunotherapy aims to modify the immune system's response by gradually exposing patients to controlled doses of birch pollen extract, training the body to build tolerance over time. Itulazax reduces the number of IgE antibodies and increases protective antibodies, significantly alleviating allergy symptoms and preventing future immune reactions.

This therapy is approved specifically for adults with confirmed severe birch allergy, diagnosed via skin prick or blood testing. Clinical studies demonstrate that it is generally safe, with mild side effects such as oral itching and throat irritation, which require initial medical supervision. To maximize effectiveness, treatment should commence at least 16 weeks before the pollen season and continue throughout the season, lasting approximately three years.

For those suffering from severe birch pollen allergies, this new treatment offers hope for relief from debilitating symptoms. It also opens the door for future immunotherapies targeting other hay fever allergens, potentially transforming allergy management in the UK and beyond.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-hay-fever-immunotherapy-england-people.html