Natural Plant Compound Shows Promise in Combating Periodontal Disease

Researchers have discovered that a natural powder based on morin, a flavonoid extracted from plants such as guava leaves, apples, figs, certain teas, and almonds, exhibits significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties against bacteria responsible for periodontal disease. This innovative compound can be released gradually through polymer-based systems, potentially serving as an effective non-surgical treatment alternative to antibiotics for managing oral microbial infections.

In laboratory experiments conducted at the Araraquara School of Dentistry affiliated with São Paulo State University (FOAr-UNESP) in Brazil, scientists tested morin on a multispecies bacterial biofilm designed to mimic gum disease in humans. The findings, published in the Archives of Oral Biology, reveal that morin reduces bacterial growth and biofilm formation, indicating its potential in periodontal therapy.

The research team, led by doctoral student Luciana Solera Sales and supervised by Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti, used a spray-drying method to produce a fine powder of morin. This form can be incorporated into various oral hygiene products, especially benefiting individuals with limited motor skills, such as elderly or disabled patients. Morin's accessibility, affordability, and natural origin make it an attractive candidate for dental care applications.

One challenge addressed was improving the solubility and delivery of natural products like morin. The team developed a controlled-release system using sodium alginate and gellan gum, encapsulating morin in smaller particles that adhere to mucous membranes, providing sustained release and minimizing side effects like teeth staining or unfavorable taste associated with conventional treatments.

Periodontal disease, caused by bacterial biofilm accumulation on teeth, is a widespread condition affecting nearly half of the global population. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, leading to tooth loss. Current preventive measures include diligent oral hygiene, but new therapeutic options are needed.

Future steps involve testing morin-based systems in animal models and clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety further. Early visual assessments suggest that morin might also prevent tooth discoloration while maintaining a healthy balance of oral bacteria, which is crucial for overall oral health.

This study highlights the potential of natural compounds in dental medicine and paves the way for developing innovative, scalable, and patient-friendly treatments for periodontal disease.