Study Finds Coffee Generally Safe Despite Presence of Some Contaminants

Recent research indicates that the majority of coffee consumed today is safe, with contaminants present at levels well below established safety thresholds. The investigation, conducted by the nonprofit Clean Label Project, analyzed coffee samples from 45 popular brands sourced from countries including Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, Peru, and Hawaii. Over 7,000 tests were performed to detect pesticides, heavy metals, plasticizers, and mold toxins.

The findings showed that while some contaminants were detected, most were found at minimal levels. For instance, traces of glyphosate, a common herbicide, and its byproduct AMPA were present, with AMPA levels raising concerns due to its environmental persistence and potential links to DNA damage and liver inflammation. Phthalates, chemicals associated with reproductive issues, cancer, and asthma, were detected particularly in canned coffee and pods. Heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic varied by region, with Hawaiian coffees showing higher concentrations possibly due to volcanic soil influence.

All samples contained small amounts of acrylamide, a chemical formed during roasting that has been linked to cancer in animal studies. Interestingly, medium roasts had the highest levels of acrylamide, followed by light and dark roasts. Organic coffees generally demonstrated lower contaminant levels; however, all organic samples still contained AMPA, which may be due to runoff from nearby conventional farms.

Experts highlight that most contaminants are present at levels that are considered safe, but they suggest conscious choices can help reduce exposure. Recommendations include selecting darker or very light roasts, choosing coffee in bags or pods, and being mindful of the coffee's origin. While some packaging options may contribute to higher chemical levels, overall, coffee remains one of the cleaner product categories tested.

The study aims to inform consumers on how to select the safest coffee options rather than discourage consumption. As research continues, future studies will explore the impact of packaging and production methods on contaminant levels.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-coffee-safe-contaminants.html