Long-Term Success of GLP-1 Therapies: Why Prescription Alone Isn’t Enough

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) therapies have become prominent tools in combatting obesity, demonstrating notable results in clinical settings. Patients using these medications often experience weight loss ranging from 5% to 18%, alongside improvements in metabolism and cardiovascular health. Despite their efficacy, these therapies present certain challenges, including gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and constipation, risks of micronutrient deficiencies, muscle and bone loss, high costs, and issues with long-term adherence. Many patients discontinue GLP-1 treatments within the first year, often experiencing weight regain—on average, up to two-thirds of the initial weight loss—within a year of stopping the medication. Importantly, most of the regained weight tends to be fat rather than muscle or bone, underscoring the importance of comprehensive management strategies.

To enhance the durability of treatment outcomes, a multifaceted approach emphasizing nutrition and lifestyle interventions is essential. A recent clinical advisory, led by Dariush Mozaffarian of Tufts University, outlines eight key nutritional priorities designed to support patients on GLP-1 therapy. These include adopting a patient-centered approach, conducting baseline nutrition assessments, managing gastrointestinal side effects, preventing nutrient shortages, preserving muscle and bone mass through adequate protein intake and exercise, and promoting holistic lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity, quality sleep, and stress management.

Moreover, Food is Medicine (FIM) programs, which provide tailored meals, groceries, and nutritional education, can significantly bolster the effectiveness of GLP-1 treatments. These interventions address common barriers to healthy eating, such as cost and access, and can be integrated with pharmacotherapy to improve outcomes.

Clinicians are encouraged to go beyond prescribing medications by incorporating nutrition and lifestyle counseling throughout the treatment process. Building team-based care models—including dietitians, exercise physiologists, and health coaches—can enhance patient support, adherence, and ultimately, the long-term success of obesity management. Given the limited nutrition education in medical training, increasing awareness among healthcare providers about the critical role of nutrition is vital. Referring patients to specialized team members and utilizing ongoing education resources can help optimize results.

In summary, the long-term effectiveness of GLP-1 therapies depends heavily on integrating comprehensive nutritional and lifestyle strategies. A collaborative, patient-centered approach is crucial to overcoming the challenges associated with these medications and achieving sustained health benefits.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-qa-term-success-glp-therapies.html