The Rising Challenge of Food Insecurity in New Zealand

In New Zealand, many residents are feeling the strain of increasing living costs that affect essentials like groceries, fuel, and household energy bills. A significant concern that emerges from this financial strain is food insecurity, a condition where individuals lack reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food necessary for an active and healthy life. According to data from the Food Insecurity Experience Scale used by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the prevalence of food insecurity in New Zealand has been steadily rising. After dropping to around 10% in 2015, the rate climbed sharply to over 17%, affecting approximately 900,000 people in recent years. Severe food insecurity also increased from about 3% to roughly 4%, impacting an estimated 200,000 individuals. This indicates that food insecurity is a widespread and persistent issue, not just a marginal concern. The upward trend started well before the COVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated the problem, suggesting deeper structural issues within the country's social and economic fabric.

Measuring food insecurity presents its own challenges because it is often hidden. Since 2014, the FAO’s Food Insecurity Experience Scale has provided a way to gauge this phenomenon at the individual level across countries. It categorizes food insecurity into moderate levels—where food quality and variety are limited or hunger is experienced—and severe levels characterized by physiological hunger. Globally, progress in reducing food insecurity has reversed, with rates rising again since around 2017, a trend accelerated by the pandemic. In 2021, about 29% of the global population experienced moderate food insecurity, with approximately 11% facing severe insecurity.

Understanding the factors that predict food insecurity is crucial for effective intervention. Research in New Zealand shows that groups such as singles, urban residents, individuals with poor health, socially disconnected communities, and those distrustful of government are more vulnerable. Income level inversely correlates with food insecurity risk, but life stage, social networks, health, and personal circumstances also play significant roles. Food insecurity peaks in midlife, likely due to financial pressures, and declines with age.

Addressing this issue requires targeted policies—including school meal programs and nutrition education for youth, along with support programs for adults facing unemployment or health issues. Enhancing social protection, rebuilding community trust, and strengthening neighborhood safety are vital components. Conditional cash transfers and temporary food aid can mitigate the impacts during life transitions or crises.

The situation in New Zealand is complex and growing, underscoring the need for ongoing research. Better evidence is essential to develop lasting solutions that ensure everyone has access to sufficient and nutritious food. Tackling structural inequalities and understanding the nuanced causes of food insecurity are critical steps toward a healthier, more equitable society.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-kiwis-food-insecurity-quiet-crisis.html