WHO Updates Essential Medicines List to Include GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

On September 10, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced significant updates to its Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc). The revisions incorporate new treatments targeting various cancers, diabetes, and related conditions such as obesity. The EML, widely adopted by over 150 countries, serves as a critical guide for international health systems in procurement, medicine supply, and insurance programs.

The WHO Expert Committee evaluated 59 applications, resulting in the addition of 20 new medicines to the EML, 15 to the EMLc, and new indications for seven existing drugs. Notably, they included glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists like semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, and the dual receptor agonist tirzepatide. These medications have demonstrated strong evidence for benefits in managing type 2 diabetes, especially in patients with cardiovascular and kidney complications. They aid in glucose control, promote weight loss, and help reduce mortality risk.

In cancer treatment, the committee expanded access by adding pembrolizumab for several metastatic cancers and listed atezolizumab and cemiplimab as alternatives for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Strategies for improved access, such as dose optimization, are encouraged to make treatments more affordable.

According to Deusdedit Mubangizi, WHO's director of policy and standards for medicines, "A significant portion of out-of-pocket expenses for noncommunicable diseases goes toward medicines. Ensuring these are accessible to all requires a robust health system combined with political commitment and multisectoral efforts."

These updates highlight WHO's focus on equitable access to essential medicines, emphasizing that effective healthcare requires a comprehensive, people-centered approach to leave no one behind.

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