Study Finds Weighted Vests May Support Weight Loss in Older Adults Without Preventing Bone Loss

Recent research from Wake Forest University has investigated the potential benefits and limitations of using weighted vests and resistance training for older adults aiming to lose weight. While weight loss is beneficial for improving cardiovascular health and reducing joint strain, it can unfortunately lead to bone density reduction, increasing fracture risk. A 12-month randomized clinical trial involving 150 older adults with obesity examined whether external mechanical support, via weighted vests, or resistance exercises could mitigate bone loss during weight reduction efforts.

Participants were divided into three groups: one focusing solely on weight loss, another wearing weighted vests for an average of 7.1 hours daily, and a third performing resistance training exercises. All groups achieved comparable weight loss, ranging from 9% to 11.2%, with high adherence in all groups. However, the study revealed that all groups experienced similar reductions in hip bone mineral density, indicating that neither weighted vests nor resistance training alone could prevent bone loss.

The study, published in MA Network Open,
highlights the ongoing challenge in safeguarding skeletal health during weight management in older adults. Despite wearing weighted vests helping to improve strength and muscle performance in previous research, this trial showed they did not sufficiently protect bones from loss during weight reduction. The vest group wore their gear for an average of 7.1 hours daily, with adherence to resistance training sessions at about 71%.

Professor Kristen M. Beavers emphasized that managing obesity in aging populations is complex. Strategies like external weight support or resistance exercise alone might not be enough to preserve bone health, calling for combined or new approaches. Currently, research is underway exploring the role of osteoporosis medications, such as the Bone, Exercise, Alendronate, and Caloric Restriction (BEACON) trial, to find effective solutions.

While the findings suggest that weighted vests and resistance training cannot fully prevent bone loss during weight loss, the study does not diminish their benefits for improving strength and functionality, which are vital for independence and reducing disability in older adults. Researchers stress the importance of developing comprehensive weight management protocols that balance fat reduction with skeletal health preservation, considering the high prevalence of obesity and aging in the population. New medications and combined lifestyle interventions remain critical areas of exploration to address these challenges.