Residential Care Enhances Social Engagement Among Older Adults Yet Disparities Persist

A recent study conducted by the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus reveals that moving into long-term care communities, such as nursing homes or assisted living facilities, can lead to increased social activity among older adults. The research, published in JAMA Internal Medicine, analyzed data from over 600 Americans aged 65 and older who transitioned into these facilities between 2011 and 2019, with the average participant being 85 years old at the time of moving.

Lead researcher Dr. Kenneth Lam highlighted that many seniors fear that relocating to a care community might diminish their social interactions. However, the study found that social participation actually improved after moving. Specifically, engagement in group activities rose by 15.6%, and attendance at religious services increased by 12.6%. Conversely, outings for leisure or enjoyment decreased by 14.1%.

The findings suggest that long-term care facilities often provide structured social opportunities that residents might have struggled to access while living independently, such as on-site religious services, organized clubs, and community events, all of which can reduce feelings of isolation.

However, the benefits of increased social participation were not equally experienced across all groups. Men and residents identifying as Black, Hispanic, or other racial and ethnic groups maintained lower levels of social engagement compared to women. Women, in contrast, were more likely to sustain connections with friends and family and to participate in religious activities after their move. Nursing home residents in particular were less likely to go out for leisure or attend religious services, indicating persistent disparities.

Dr. Lam emphasized that enhancing social participation is crucial not just for personal well-being but also as a significant public health issue. Loneliness has been declared a national health crisis by the former U.S. Surgeon General. Despite the stigma often associated with long-term care, these facilities can be vital components in addressing social isolation among older adults. To truly benefit, efforts must be made to ensure equitable access to social activities and to make these opportunities meaningful for all residents.

The study advocates for policymakers, caregivers, and families to reframe their views on long-term care, recognizing its potential to promote dignity, quality of life, and social connectedness. As Dr. Lam states, "This is about helping people live, not just avoiding death."

For more detailed information, the full study is available in JAMA Internal Medicine here.