Planned Cesarean Deliveries Linked to Higher Risk of Childhood Leukemia

Recent research indicates that children born via planned cesarean sections may face an increased likelihood of developing certain childhood cancers, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A study conducted by scientists at Karolinska Institutet analyzed data from nearly 2.5 million children born in Sweden across two periods: 1982-1989 and 1999-2015. Among these, approximately 15.5%, or about 376,000 children, were delivered by C-section.

The study differentiated between emergency and planned cesarean deliveries using the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Findings revealed that children born through planned C-sections were overrepresented among those who later developed leukemia. Specifically, the risk of ALL, the most common pediatric leukemia, was found to be 21% higher in children born via planned C-section compared to those born vaginally. The risk for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was even more pronounced, at 29% higher.

These increased risks persisted even after adjusting for various maternal and child health factors. Notably, the association was more significant among boys and younger children. Despite these findings, the absolute risk remains low with about 50 to 70 cases of B-ALL diagnosed annually in Sweden. The excess risk linked to planned C-sections accounts for approximately one additional case per year.

Experts emphasize that cesarean sections, especially those medically necessary, are vital and life-saving procedures. However, the study suggests that non-medically indicated planned C-sections should be carefully considered, given potential long-term health implications. Researchers hypothesize that differences in microbiome exposure—since emergency C-sections often involve exposure to vaginal bacteria due to labor—might explain the observed associations.

While some results did not reach full statistical significance, the consistency with previous research and the robustness of the adjustments reinforce the significance of these findings. The researchers highlight the importance of understanding how delivery methods influence childhood health and advocate for further research to better inform obstetric practices.

Source: Medical Xpress