Advancements in MRI Correction Techniques Enhance Brain Structure Insights in Children with ADHD

Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correction methods are significantly improving the accuracy of brain structure analysis in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers from Japan have applied a novel approach called the traveling-subject (TS) method to reduce measurement biases across multiple MRI machines, overcoming limitations of previous correction techniques.

ADHD affects over 5% of children worldwide, manifesting as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which often interfere with social interactions, education, and daily life. Understanding the neurobiological basis of ADHD is crucial for early diagnosis and tailored interventions. MRI studies have aimed to identify structural brain differences, particularly in gray matter volume (GMV), but results have been inconsistent due to variations in imaging equipment, small sample sizes, and subject differences.

Traditional correction techniques like ComBat harmonization attempt to control for site and machine differences but tend to overcorrect, possibly removing genuine biological variations. The TS method offers a more refined correction by controlling for measurement biases using MRI data from the same individuals scanned across different facilities. This approach enhances the reliability of the resulting brain imaging data.

In a collaborative study, scientists from the University of Fukui, Chiba University, and the University of Osaka validated the TS correction method on an independent dataset. They involved healthy volunteers who underwent MRI scans on four different machines over three months to quantify measurement biases. The corrected data revealed that children with ADHD had smaller volumes in specific brain regions, particularly in the frontotemporal areas associated with cognitive processing and emotional regulation. These findings highlight potential neuroimaging biomarkers for ADHD, supporting earlier and more precise diagnosis.

Applying the TS harmonization technique allows for more accurate multi-site brain imaging, which can facilitate personalized treatment strategies and monitoring. The researchers emphasize that utilizing these advanced correction methods can lead to better understanding of ADHD's neural underpinnings, ultimately improving outcomes for affected children.

This breakthrough in MRI data correction holds promise for neurodevelopmental disorder research, paving the way for advances in early diagnosis and targeted therapies based on detailed brain structure analysis.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-mri-method-brain-children-adhd.html