Innovative Soft Bioelectronic Fiber Enables Real-Time Monitoring of Multiple Biological Processes

Researchers at Stanford University have developed a groundbreaking soft, hair-thin bioelectronic fiber known as NeuroString, capable of tracking hundreds of biological signals simultaneously. This advanced multichannel biosensor and stimulator offers significant promise across various medical and biotechnological applications, including nerve stimulation, drug delivery, and integration into smart textiles.

The NeuroString fiber measures approximately a quarter of a millimeter in diameter—similar in width to a human hair—and can host thousands of independent electronic channels. Each channel can perform diverse functions such as sensing neurochemicals, stimulating nerves or muscles, monitoring gut motility, or observing neuronal activity. This technology paves the way for minimally invasive, high-density bioelectronic devices that are biocompatible and capable of long-term implantation, addressing a critical need for more refined sensing and stimulation tools in clinical and research settings.

Developed through collaboration between chemical engineering and biomedical experts, the NeuroString's fabrication involves a roll-up technique where multiple electronic pathways are spiraled inside the fiber, and sensors are exposed on the surface. Prototype fibers with over 1,280 channels have been created, with potential for even higher channel counts by extending fiber length.

These fibers have successfully been used to monitor intestinal activity in pigs and neuronal behavior in mice over prolonged periods, demonstrating their real-world applicability in neuroscience and gastroenterology. The devices can be used to diagnose, monitor, and treat various conditions, such as intestinal disorders or neurological dysfunctions.

Beyond medical applications, NeuroString could revolutionize the development of smart fabrics, wearable sensors, and soft robotics. The technology might also enable targeted drug delivery systems, such as implantable insulin pumps, or facilitate advanced optogenetics in brain research.

The research team envisions future innovations including robotic pills for internal diagnosis and treatments, as well as embedding electronics within lab-grown tissues (organoids) to better understand human development and disease. Overall, this versatile, minimally invasive bioelectronic platform holds the potential to transform multiple fields, from medicine to bioengineering.

For more information, see the original publication in Nature (2025): [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09481-2].

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-soft-bioelectronic-fiber-track-hundreds.html