How Common Medications May Facilitate Viral Spread

Medications are typically designed to help combat illness and alleviate symptoms, but some drugs might inadvertently enhance the ability of viruses to infect and spread within the body. Recent research has uncovered a surprising and concerning side effect associated with a class of anti-inflammatory drugs known as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. According to Professor Denis Kainov from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, these drugs can increase the vulnerability of the body to viral infections.

JAK inhibitors are widely prescribed for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, their mode of action may suppress critical immune pathways, thereby weakening the body's natural defenses against viruses. Studies have shown that they can facilitate the spread of several viruses such as influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19), Rift Valley fever, and adenovirus.

The research, published in NAR Molecular Medicine, demonstrated that JAK inhibitors interfere with the genes responsible for the immune response to viral infections. Alexander Ianevski, a researcher involved in the study, explained that these drugs slow down gene responses that are essential for fighting viruses. This suppression removes the body's initial antiviral barrier, allowing viruses to gain a foothold and proliferate more easily.

Using advanced techniques such as organoid models and gene expression analysis, scientists examined cells from the lungs, eyes, and brain to observe how these drugs impact viral susceptibility. Their findings underscore that while JAK inhibitors are effective in reducing inflammation, they may pose a hidden risk for individuals with latent or active viral infections.

These insights suggest that healthcare professionals should exercise caution when prescribing JAK inhibitors during active viral outbreaks or pandemics. Nonetheless, the immunosuppressive properties of these drugs may have applications in controlled environments, such as vaccine development or antiviral drug screening.

The researchers emphasize the importance of further studies to optimize the use of JAK inhibitors, balancing their anti-inflammatory benefits with potential viral risks, especially in infectious disease contexts.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-common-drugs-viruses.html