Are Hot Drinks a Risk Factor for Cancer? Insights from a Gut Health Expert

Many people find comfort in hot beverages like coffee and tea, often enjoying them at temperature levels that enhance flavor and aroma. However, recent scientific findings suggest that consuming very hot drinks might pose health risks, particularly related to cancer development.

Studies indicate that there is no substantial link between hot drinks and throat or stomach cancers. Nonetheless, the connection between drinking very hot beverages—above 65°C—and esophageal cancer has been established. In 2016, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified hot beverages exceeding 65°C as "probably carcinogenic to humans," placing them in the same risk category as indoor wood smoke emissions and red meat consumption.

Much of the evidence stems from research conducted in South America, Middle East, Africa, and Asia, where drinking very hot liquids like maté has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. More recently, a large UK study involving nearly half a million adults confirmed that frequent consumption of very hot tea and coffee significantly elevates the risk. Individuals drinking eight or more cups of very hot drinks daily were nearly six times more likely to develop esophageal cancer compared to those who did not consume hot beverages.

The primary concern is that very hot drinks can cause thermal damage to the cells lining the esophagus. Animal studies support this, showing that exposure to high-temperature liquids accelerates precancerous changes in the esophagus tissue. Heat damage may also weaken the lining, making it more vulnerable to acid reflux, which could further increase cancer risk.

The risk relates not just to temperature but also to the volume and speed of consumption. Drinking large sips of very hot liquids can raise the temperature inside the esophagus significantly, causing more sustained heat injury. While occasional small sips at high temperatures are unlikely to cause harm, habitual large-volume intake can lead to long-term cellular damage.

Regarding safety, experts recommend lowering the temperature of hot beverages before drinking. The ideal drinking temperature for coffee, balancing flavor with safety, is around 57.8°C. Strategies to cool drinks quickly include stirring, blowing on the beverage, removing the lid from takeout cups, or mixing in cooler liquids. Taking small sips and allowing hot drinks to cool gradually can significantly reduce health risks.

In conclusion, while hot drinks are a cherished part of many cultures, it's important to consume them at a safe temperature to minimize potential health hazards. Being mindful of the temperature and volume can help protect your esophageal health over time.