Hidden Body Fat Accelerates Heart Aging Through Visceral Fat

A recent study highlights the significant impact of hidden visceral fat—the fat surrounding organs—on the aging process of the heart. This type of fat, often invisible from the outside, has been linked to faster cardiovascular aging, regardless of overall body weight. The research, conducted by scientists from the UK’s Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, analyzed data from over 21,000 participants in the UK Biobank, utilizing advanced imaging and artificial intelligence to assess fat distribution and organ health.

The findings reveal that individuals with higher amounts of visceral adipose tissue experience signs of accelerated heart aging, characterized by increased tissue stiffness and inflammation. Interestingly, the study also uncovered sex-specific differences: in men, fat stored around the abdomen—commonly called 'apple-shaped'—was a strong predictor of early heart aging. Conversely, in women, fat deposits around the hips and thighs, known as 'pear-shaped', appeared to have a protective effect against heart aging.

Moreover, higher estrogen levels in premenopausal women may help slow down the aging process of the heart, suggesting hormones play a role in cardiovascular health. The study emphasizes that body mass index (BMI) alone is insufficient to predict heart aging; instead, understanding where fat is stored in the body provides more accurate insights.

The researchers point out that visceral fat is associated with increased inflammation and risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, which can further harm blood vessels. The discovery underscores the importance of reducing visceral fat through a healthy diet and physical activity. Looking ahead, scientists are exploring drug therapies like GLP-1 inhibitors (e.g., Ozempic) to counteract the aging effects of visceral fat and improve overall cardiovascular health.

This study adds to the growing evidence that not all fat is equal in its impact on health. The scientific lead, Professor Declan O'Regan, emphasizes the need to focus on fat distribution rather than just weight, aiming to find ways to promote a longer, healthier lifespan.