Potential Benefits of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Reducing Obesity-Related Cancers and Mortality

Recent research presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), commonly used for managing diabetes and obesity, may offer additional health benefits by reducing the risk of certain obesity-related cancers and decreasing all-cause mortality. The study, led by Lucas Mavromatis from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, analyzed data from 85,015 adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher who had recently started treatment with either GLP-1 RAs or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors between 2013 and 2023.

The findings indicated that individuals on GLP-1 RAs experienced a modest but significant reduction in the risk of developing obesity-associated cancers and in overall death rates compared to those on DPP-4 inhibitors. Specifically, the adjusted hazard ratios showed a 7% decrease in cancer risk and an 8% reduction in all-cause mortality during an average follow-up of nearly four years. Notably, the protective effects were most prominent for colon and rectal cancers.

Obesity is a known risk factor for various cancers, including colorectal cancers. The study’s results suggest that GLP-1 RAs might have a role beyond glucose regulation and weight management, potentially offering anti-cancer benefits. However, the researchers emphasized that these findings are observational, and further research is necessary to establish a causal relationship.

This promising evidence highlights the importance of ongoing studies into the multifaceted benefits of GLP-1 RAs for patients managing obesity and diabetes. While more definitive trials are needed, these preliminary results are encouraging for their potential to improve overall health outcomes in this population.