Potential Benefits of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Managing Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Recent research indicates that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), commonly used for diabetes management, may offer promising benefits for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). A study published online on July 14, 2025, in JAMA Neurology, conducted by Georgios S. Sioutas, M.D., and colleagues, reveals that treatment with GLP-1 RAs is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to traditional therapies.

The study utilized data from the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network spanning from 2005 to 2024, involving electronic health records from 67 healthcare organizations. Researchers focused on patients diagnosed with IIH, comparing those who initiated GLP-1 RA therapy within six months of diagnosis to those managed with standard treatments like acetazolamide, topiramate, and dietary modifications.

A total of 44,373 IIH patients were identified, with propensity score matching selecting 555 patients for each group. The findings demonstrated that patients on GLP-1 RAs experienced significant reductions in medication use, headaches, visual disturbances including blindness, and papilledema (optic nerve swelling). Additionally, this group showed lower risks of requiring surgical procedures and death. Notably, there was no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between the groups at follow-up, although increased weight loss was observed in patients who underwent bariatric surgery.

The authors suggest that GLP-1 RAs could be a beneficial addition to IIH treatment protocols but emphasize that prospective studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings. This research highlights a potential new avenue for managing this challenging condition, aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-glp-receptor-agonists-outcomes-idiopathic.html