The Dangerous Dual Nature of Scopolamine: From Motion Sickness Treatment to Criminal Weaponization

Scopolamine, commonly known as "devil's breath," is a medication primarily used in medical settings to prevent motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, and muscle spasms. It is also utilized to reduce saliva production before surgical procedures, with brand names like Kwells and Scopoderm. However, this drug possesses a much darker side, especially when misused or weaponized.

In certain parts of South America, notably Colombia, scopolamine has gained notoriety for its role in criminal activities. It has been implicated in numerous robberies and sexual assaults, where victims are rendered highly compliant and unable to resist or recall events. The drug is typically administered surreptitiously, often in powder form that is odorless and tasteless, making it easy to conceal in drinks or to blow into a person's face.

Beyond its criminal use, scopolamine's effects on the brain are profound. It inhibits the cholinergic system, which is central to memory formation, learning, and coordination. As a result, it can cause temporary severe memory loss and confusion. Some studies also suggest that it may increase oxidative stress in the brain, further impairing cognitive functions. These effects have led to its description as "zombifying" and have made it a focus of forensic interest.

Medically, scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants in the nightshade family. Indigenous communities in South America have long used it in spiritual rituals due to its psychoactive properties. In modern medicine, aside from motion sickness prevention, it has been explored off-label for depression, excessive sweating, and smoking cessation. Nevertheless, outside clinical settings, the drug's danger escalates, especially with recreational use.

The recreational attraction lies in its hallucinogenic effects, which can produce vivid illusions but pose significant risks. In South America, it is known as "burundanga" and is often involved in crimes. Victims may feel dreamlike, with impaired resistance, and often have no memory of the events afterward. The drug is usually administered covertly, as in powder form, making it difficult to detect. Even small doses can be fatal, and the effects typically last around 12 hours.

Symptoms of scopolamine poisoning include rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, flushed skin, blurred vision, confusion, hallucinations, and drowsiness. Immediate medical attention is crucial if exposure is suspected, especially after unexpected drinks or interactions.

While research continues into the drug's potential medical benefits, the risks associated with misuse and criminal activities highlight the importance of awareness. Protecting oneself from surreptitious administration involves vigilance when in social settings and understanding the drug's dangerous dual nature.