Flesh-Eating Bacteria Infections Expanding to New Regions

Health officials are raising concerns about a rising number of infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus, a dangerous type of 'flesh-eating' bacteria. Traditionally confined to the warm, salty waters of the Gulf Coast, this bacterium is now appearing in previously unaffected areas, partly due to climate change. Vibrio vulnificus thrives in warm, brackish waters found in estuaries and lagoons, and infections are most common between May and October. However, recent cases have been reported as far north as New England, including a notable incident on Cape Cod, prompting public health alerts.

Most Vibrio infections tend to be mild, but outbreaks involving Vibrio vulnificus can be severe, with about 20% of cases resulting in death. This strain is responsible for approximately 200 of the over 1,000 Vibrio illnesses reported annually in the U.S. The bacteria can infect individuals through two main routes: consuming raw or undercooked shellfish, especially oysters, which filter the bacteria from water, and through open wounds or skin breaks exposed to contaminated water, such as recent tattoos, piercings, or cuts.

Severe infections are more likely in individuals with weakened immune systems, including those with liver disease, diabetes, or chronic illnesses. Once inside the bloodstream, the bacteria can cause life-threatening illnesses, necessitating aggressive treatments like antibiotics, surgical removal of infected tissue, or even amputation in extreme cases.

Experts emphasize that the northern spread of Vibrio vulnificus is linked to climate factors, with warmer water temperatures creating ideal conditions for bacterial growth. The rising incidence in states like Louisiana, which has reported multiple cases and fatalities this summer, highlights the growing threat.

Health authorities advise caution for those engaging in water-related activities in warmer months and encourage avoiding exposure of open wounds to saltwater or brackish environments. Further information on Vibrio vulnificus can be found through the Florida Department of Health.

This ongoing spread underscores the importance of awareness and precaution, especially as climate change continues to influence marine ecosystems.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-infections-flesh-bacteria-areas.html