Effectiveness of Vertical ID Laws in Reducing Underage Drinking and Tobacco Use
In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have implemented laws requiring vertical orientation of IDs for individuals under 21. These laws aim to facilitate easier age verification and reduce underage consumption of alcohol and tobacco by making it more difficult for minors to use false IDs. Despite these intentions, research published in the journal Contemporary Economic Policy indicates that such laws have not significantly impacted teen drinking or smoking rates.
The study analyzed data collected from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys spanning from 1991 to 2019. The findings showed no statistically significant or meaningful decline in underage alcohol and tobacco use correlated with the adoption of vertical ID laws. Policymakers hoped that the move toward vertical IDs would curb the distribution and use of fake IDs, ultimately lowering public health costs associated with teen substance use. However, the evidence suggests that the policy strategy has largely been ineffective in achieving these goals.
This research highlights the complexity of addressing underage drinking and smoking and suggests that multiple strategies may be necessary beyond ID design requirements. It emphasizes the importance of exploring other preventative measures and enforcement practices to effectively combat underage substance use.
Source: Medical Xpress
Published: May 7, 2025
Author: Wiley
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