Child Concussions: Essential Information for Parents When Head Injuries Occur

Understanding Child Concussions and How to Respond

When a child falls or sustains a blow to the head, it is natural for parents to feel alarmed. Such incidents can sometimes lead to brain injuries, notably concussions, which require prompt attention and proper management.

What Is a Concussion?

A concussion is a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a direct impact to the head, face, or neck. It may or may not involve a loss of consciousness. Symptoms can appear immediately or develop gradually over several hours, typically resolving within a few days.

Recognizing Symptoms in Children

Parents should be vigilant for signs indicating a possible concussion:

• Headaches
• Confusion or disorientation
• Memory problems
• A blank stare or appearing stunned
• Difficulty following directions
• Slurred speech
• Dizziness and balance issues
• Vomiting
• Emotional changes such as irritability, inappropriate laughter or crying, or feelings of sadness

Common Causes of Concussions

Most concussions result from contact sports or activities involving blows to the head, neck, or face. High-risk sports include:

• Football
• Ice hockey
• Soccer
• Lacrosse
• Wrestling
• Basketball
• Rugby

Diagnosis of Concussion

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on a detailed history and physical examination conducted by healthcare professionals like physicians or trained athletic trainers. There are no specific lab tests or imaging studies that definitively diagnose a concussion.

Managing Concussions

The main treatment involves rest and avoiding further impacts to allow the brain to heal. Symptom relief can include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Vitamins and supplements like B complex vitamins and magnesium
• Ensuring proper hydration and a balanced diet
• Allowing extra sleep and rest
• Gradually resuming physical activity, starting with light stretching and aerobic exercises
• Limiting exposure to bright lights and loud noises, especially in the initial recovery phase
• Maintaining a routine as much as possible

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

Certain symptoms warrant immediate medical evaluation as they may indicate serious injury:

• Severe or worsening headache
• Repeated vomiting
• Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
• Drowsiness, inability to wake up
• Unequal pupil sizes
• Increased confusion or agitation
• Seizures or convulsions
• Difficulty recognizing people or places

Duration and Return to Activities

Most children recover within four to six weeks. If symptoms persist beyond this period, specialist evaluation is recommended. Return to sports should only occur after they are symptom-free, off medication, and have regained full normal neurological function. The process should be gradual and supervised by healthcare professionals.

Preventive Measures

Using proper protective gear, ensuring safe play environments, and educating children about safe sports practices can reduce the risk of concussions.

For more detailed information, visit CDC Concussion Guidelines

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-child-concussion.html