Climate Change and Its Effects on Sexual and Reproductive Health of Refugee Youth in Uganda

Extreme weather events related to climate change have significant effects on the sexual and reproductive health of young refugees in Uganda, as highlighted by a recent study published in Global Public Health. The research underscores how climate-induced phenomena, such as droughts and heavy rains, exacerbate resource scarcity in refugee settlements like Bidi Bidi, one of the largest humanitarian sites globally. These environmental challenges lead to increased risks of violence and engagement in transactional sex among youth, particularly during droughts when obtaining water involves traveling long distances at night, increasing vulnerability to violence.

The study involved engaging youth aged 16 to 24 through walk-along interviews, where participants guided researchers through the pathways they use to access essential resources such as food, water, and sanitation. Service providers working with these youths were also interviewed to understand the broader implications of climate-related resource shortages.

Findings reveal that droughts and floods diminish crop yields and food supplies, driving young people—especially young women—toward early marriage and transactional sex to meet their needs. These circumstances significantly elevate their risks of unintended pregnancies, HIV, STIs, and difficulties managing menstruation. The increased incidence of gender-based violence and early marriage are direct consequences of these climate stresses.

Experts emphasize the urgent need to incorporate climate-resilient strategies into sexual and reproductive health programs, addressing these gendered vulnerabilities at community, interpersonal, and policy levels. The study's lead author, Dr. Carmen Logie, stresses that integrating climate-aware health interventions is crucial for safeguarding youth in vulnerable settings.

This research was carried out in collaboration with the Uganda Refugee and Disaster Management Council, and involved direct engagement with youth and service providers to highlight the interconnectedness of environmental stressors and health risks in refugee populations. As climate change continues to intensify, recognizing and addressing its impact on vulnerable populations' health becomes an essential step toward resilience and sustainable health solutions.