Fact Check: Is There an Autism ‘Epidemic’?

In a recent press conference, U.S. Federal Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. claimed that autism is an ‘epidemic’ with increasing prevalence, citing a CDC report indicating that 1 in 36 children now have autism. However, experts clarify that this apparent rise is largely due to improved awareness, expanded diagnostic criteria, and better screening methods, rather than a true increase in cases.

How Diagnoses Have Increased

Autism diagnoses have gone up over the years, but this is mainly because of:

• Broader definitions under DSM-5, including milder cases
• Routine screening at 18 and 24 months
• Increased awareness among parents, educators, and healthcare providers
• Diagnostic substitution, where previous diagnoses like learning disorders are now identified as autism

Genetics vs. Environment

Kennedy suggested environmental toxins are primary causes of autism, but evidence shows genetics play a significant role, with studies revealing strong familial links. Environmental factors during pregnancy and early childhood may contribute, but current research emphasizes the importance of genetic predisposition.

Summary

The perceived rise in autism diagnoses reflects advancements in medical understanding, diagnostic practices, and societal awareness. While environmental factors are under investigation, they are unlikely to be the main drivers of neurodiversity as observed today.

Expert insight from Dr. David Cutler emphasizes that increased diagnoses result from better recognition and broadened criteria, rather than an actual epidemic or environmental causation.