Unhealthy plant-based diets may significantly increase heart disease risk

Not all plant-based meat alternatives are healthy. Image by Anastasiya Mihailovna/Getty Images.

Key Findings

• Many plant-based foods are beneficial for heart health, but some are not.
• Diets rich in unhealthy plant-based foods are linked to increased levels of cardiac biomarkers associated with heart attack.
• Processed plant-based meats can be high in sodium and saturated fats, which are detrimental to cardiovascular health.

A recent study underscores that while plant-based diets can be heart-healthy, not all plant-derived foods are beneficial. The research analyzed data from over 7,700 adults and found that consuming unhealthy plant-based foods correlates with increased heart risk biomarkers, particularly cardiac troponin I. Conversely, a healthy plant-based diet was associated with a reduced risk.

The study highlights the importance of choosing minimally processed, nutrient-dense plant foods like beans, legumes, tofu, and tempeh, while avoiding heavily processed options high in sodium, saturated fats, and additives. Experts warn that many plant-based meat substitutes are loaded with sodium and preservatives, which can negate their health benefits.

Is Plant-Based Meat Healthier Than Animal Products?

Dr. Michelle Routhenstein explains that plant-based foods are not inherently healthier than animal products. While they can be low in saturated fat and high in fiber, potassium, magnesium, and antioxidants, some products may contain unhealthy ingredients like coconut or palm oil, contributing to increased cholesterol and heart disease risk.

Jayne Morgan, MD, emphasizes that the level of processing is crucial. Highly processed plant-based products often include additives and are rich in sodium, which can negatively impact heart health.

Making Heart-Healthy Plant Choices

To follow a heart-healthy plant-based diet, focus on whole, unprocessed foods rich in fiber and nutrients. Incorporate foods like beans, lentils, vegetables, nuts, and oils such as olive or avocado oil. Be cautious of ingredient lists filled with preservatives or artificial flavors, and limit intake of saturated fats and sodium.

This study reminds us that a balanced, nutrient-rich plant-based diet, with an emphasis on minimally processed foods, can support cardiovascular health effectively.

Published in: American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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