Benefits of Plant-Based Diets in Reducing Multimorbidity Risk: Insights from a Multinational Study

A comprehensive multinational study involving over 400,000 adults aged 37 to 70 from six European countries has highlighted the significant health benefits associated with plant-based diets. Conducted by researchers at the University of Vienna, in collaboration with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (France) and Kyung Hee University (South Korea), the study examined dietary patterns and their impact on the development of multiple chronic diseases, known as multimorbidity. The findings, published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity, reveal that adopting a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and vegan options, while minimizing meat and animal product consumption, can substantially lower the risk of developing cancer and cardiometabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions.

Utilizing data from two large cohort studies—the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and UK Biobank—the research demonstrated that higher adherence to plant-based diets correlated with a 32% reduction in multimorbidity risk in UK participants. The study found that individuals of both middle age and older adults benefited, with lower incidences of multiple chronic conditions among those following healthier plant-based eating patterns.

Implementing a diet emphasizing nutrient-rich plant foods and reducing reliance on animal products can promote lifelong health and may help prevent the onset of various chronic diseases. The study underscores the importance of public health initiatives and dietary guidelines promoting plant-based eating habits. Additionally, such dietary shifts can contribute positively to environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and land use.

Key components of a healthy plant-based diet include higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and plant-based protein options like vegan burgers. Conversely, limiting intake of processed meat and high-fat animal products is recommended. Overall, the evidence supports integrating plant-based dietary patterns into public health strategies to combat the rising prevalence of multimorbidity worldwide.

This research was led by Reynalda Córdova from the University of Vienna and Jihye Kim from Kyung Hee University. Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-based-diets-multimorbidity-multinational.html