Hidden Malnutrition as a Key Factor in Obesity and Osteoarthritis Risks

Recent research from the University of Alberta indicates that malnutrition may be an overlooked contributor to health deterioration in individuals with obesity and osteoarthritis. While often associated with being underweight, malnutrition can also occur in larger bodies, particularly in those suffering from chronic conditions like osteoarthritis. The study involved 46 participants with obesity and advanced knee osteoarthritis, revealing that approximately 26% of them were malnourished. Notably, among these, 13% also exhibited sarcopenic obesity—a condition characterized by low muscle mass, muscle strength, and high fat mass.

This overlap is concerning because it suggests a compounded risk for these individuals. Malnutrition in this context isn’t about weight loss alone but includes insufficient nutrient intake leading to muscle wasting and increased inflammation, which can accelerate joint degeneration and impair healing. Malnourished participants showed higher fat levels and elevated 'bad' cholesterol, and they reported feeling less capable of managing their arthritis and performing daily activities, impacting their quality of life.

Traditionally, malnutrition has been diagnosed based on low body weight or BMI, but these measures are not always accurate for larger individuals. The study employed the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, which incorporate muscle wasting as a key indicator, providing a more precise assessment. Integrating nutritional evaluation into the treatment plan is crucial; weight loss advice without nutritional support might worsen muscle loss and health outcomes.

The findings emphasize that addressing malnutrition can improve overall health and potentially slow disease progression. Healthcare providers should consider routine nutritional screening for patients with obesity and osteoarthritis to develop targeted interventions. Proper nutritional support, alongside conventional treatments, can enhance therapeutic success and improve quality of life.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-malnutrition-hidden-health-factor-people.html