Understanding Sudden Unusual Mental and Somatic Experiences

Sudden and atypical mental or bodily sensations can occur unexpectedly and may significantly impact individuals’ well-being. These experiences are often linked to practices such as meditation, spiritual journeys, or contemplative activities. Common phenomena reported include the sensation that the world is a dream or cartoon, feelings of unity with a higher power, intense bodily thrills, vivid perceptions, out-of-body experiences, and encounters with non-physical lights.

Research led by Dr. Matthew Sacchet from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School has explored these phenomena, revealing that they are surprisingly widespread not only among spiritual practitioners but also in the general population. While many of these experiences are associated with positive psychological changes, some can lead to distress or suffering.

The recent study employed epidemiological techniques to identify factors that increase the risk of these experiences and subsequent difficulties. Using surveys with over 3,000 participants across two countries, researchers identified key risk factors such as prior psychedelic use, engagement in reality-distorting practices (including divine or occult rituals), extensive hours in spiritual or meditative practices outside retreats, traumatic or spiritually intense childbirth, and mental health history.

Interestingly, traditional eastern meditation practices were associated with increased occurrence of these experiences, whereas prayer appeared to serve a protective role. These findings aid clinicians and practitioners in differentiating between spiritual experiences and psychosis, guiding appropriate treatment and support.

The study also highlighted the importance of understanding long-term risks, especially in the context of psychedelic use for spiritual or medical purposes. The researchers advocate for incorporating these insights into clinical diagnosis and future editions of diagnostic manuals like the DSM. They also emphasize the necessity for ongoing collaboration with spiritual teachers and clinicians to develop practical guidelines for managing these phenomena.

Currently, more research is needed to understand how these experiences can lead to positive transformations versus suffering. Longitudinal studies are proposed to better explore causal relationships. The goal is to enhance awareness, improve diagnostic accuracy, and promote safe practices in contemplative and psychedelic communities.

More details about this research can be found in the publication "Risk Factors for Emergence of Sudden Unusual Mental or Somatic Experiences and Subsequent Suffering" in Clinical Psychological Science (2025).