Sex Differences Influence Substance Use Patterns in Panic Disorder Patients

Recent research published in Genomic Psychiatry highlights the significant role of biological sex in shaping substance use behaviors among individuals with panic disorder. The study, led by Dr. Michele Pato from Rutgers University, analyzed data from nearly 11,000 participants, revealing that while panic disorder increases the risk of problematic substance use overall, there are notable differences between males and females.

The investigation found that men with panic disorder exhibit substantially higher alcohol risk scores compared to women with the same condition. This suggests that males may be particularly vulnerable to developing alcohol-related problems, potentially as a form of self-medication to cope with anxiety symptoms. Conversely, females are generally more likely to experience panic disorder itself, but their likelihood of substance misuse is comparatively lower.

The study’s diverse sample included participants of European and African ancestries, providing insights into demographic influences. Interestingly, the research did not find significant differences based on ancestry, indicating that the connection between panic disorder and substance use issues remains consistent across these groups.

Future research questions focus on understanding the neurobiological and hormonal mechanisms that might predispose males to higher alcohol use issues, and how societal expectations around masculinity and help-seeking behaviors might contribute to these patterns. The findings underscore the importance of sex-specific screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice, especially for patients with comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders.

The study also highlights that individuals with both panic disorder and PTSD face even greater risks for alcohol and tobacco problems, emphasizing the complex relationship between anxiety disorders and substance misuse. Clinicians are encouraged to consider these sex differences when designing treatment plans, ensuring comprehensive assessment and targeted intervention.

Overall, this research advances our understanding of how biological sex influences substance use behaviors in panic disorder, with important implications for personalized treatment approaches. Addressing societal and biological factors may improve outcomes for affected individuals.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-sex-differences-substance-patterns-panic.html