Long-Term Impact of Postpartum Depression and Maternal Bonding on School-Age Children's Emotional and Behavioral Development

Postpartum mental health and early mother-infant bonding are crucial factors influencing a child's social and emotional growth. While the immediate effects of postpartum depression (PPD) are well-recognized, emerging research sheds light on how these early challenges can have lasting impacts into middle childhood. A recent study from Shinshu University in Japan investigates the long-term relationship between postpartum depression, bonding quality, and behavioral difficulties in children at sixth grade.

The study, led by Associate Professor Daimei Sasayama, analyzed data from 245 mother-child pairs, focusing on the postpartum period and the child's development up to sixth grade. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and bonding quality was measured through the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale-Japanese (MIBS-J). Child behavioral difficulties were evaluated with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Findings revealed that approximately 17.1% of mothers experienced postpartum depressive symptoms, consistent with national prevalence rates in Japan. Importantly, the research showed that maternal depression and bonding difficulties were linked to greater behavioral and emotional challenges in children years later. Notably, secure early bonding was found to partially protect against the adverse effects of maternal depression, mediating about 34.6% of its impact on child difficulties.

Children of mothers with postpartum depression displayed higher scores in behavioral issues, especially in conduct and hyperactivity categories. The study also identified that boys tend to exhibit more difficulties than girls, particularly in areas related to hyperactivity and conduct problems. These outcomes highlight the significance of early attachment and bonding experiences in shaping long-term psychosocial health.

The research underscores the importance of early intervention programs aimed at supporting maternal mental health and promoting secure bonding during the postpartum period. Strengthening mother-infant relationships may serve as a vital strategy to mitigate long-term emotional and behavioral difficulties in children.

Looking ahead, further studies should explore specific depressive symptoms that most influence bonding, incorporating genetic, socioeconomic, and other underlying factors to develop targeted solutions. These insights are essential for designing effective interventions to support maternal well-being and healthy child development.

This research emphasizes that nurturing early mother-infant attachment is critical, not just for immediate postpartum health but for fostering resilient, well-adjusted children into their school years.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-postpartum-depression-bonding-term-effects.html