How Loneliness and Anxiety Contribute to Smartphone and Social Media Addiction in Night Owls

Recent research highlights a significant link between being a night owl and the development of problematic smartphone and social media use. The study, conducted by the University of Portsmouth in collaboration with the University of Surrey, reveals that feelings of loneliness and anxiety are key factors mediating this relationship.

Night owls, who naturally prefer late evening hours, often experience social disconnection and emotional distress, which can lead them to use smartphones and social media as coping mechanisms. However, this reliance can spiral into addiction, characterized by emotional dependence, neglect of responsibilities, and compulsive checking of notifications.

Alarmingly, nearly 40% of young adults in the UK display signs of social media addiction, with young women being particularly vulnerable. The study emphasizes that this behavior isn't merely about excessive screen time but is driven by emotional needs. The researchers utilized validated psychological measures in their survey of 407 individuals aged 18 to 25, uncovering how circadian preferences influence problematic technology use through loneliness and anxiety.

Lead researcher Dr. Anna-Stiina Wallinheimo explained that night owls often feel out of sync socially, which heightens feelings of loneliness and anxiety. These emotions prompt the use of smartphones and social media beyond healthy limits, which can deepen their emotional struggles. She underscores the importance of addressing emotional well-being in prevention efforts.

Experts suggest that interventions should focus on managing loneliness and anxiety, especially during late hours when emotional support services are less accessible. Raising awareness about the emotional drivers behind technology use can lead to more effective strategies for preventing problematic patterns.

The findings advocate for targeted education and support systems for young adults, particularly students, to recognize the emotional and behavioral factors that put them at risk. Educating young people about the true role of technology—helpful for connection but harmful if used as a crutch—could play a crucial role in curbing technology addiction and promoting mental health.