The Impact of Biological Sex on the Progression of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

Research published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica highlights how an individual's sex can influence the characteristics and progression of serious mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The study, which analyzed data from 1,516 participants involved in the multicenter PsyCourse Study, identified notable differences between males and females regarding age at diagnosis, treatment initiation, illness duration, substance use, and neurocognitive performance.

For instance, females with schizophrenia tend to be older at the time of their first outpatient treatment compared to males with schizophrenia, and those diagnosed later often have a longer course of illness. Substance use was more prevalent among males with schizophrenia, whereas individuals with bipolar disorder generally exhibited better neurocognitive functioning than those with schizophrenia.

Among bipolar disorder patients, females demonstrated superior verbal memory and psychomotor speed compared to males, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment strategies based on sex. Both males and females with severe mental health conditions showed a higher prevalence of thyroid abnormalities than healthy controls. These findings underscore the significance of sex-sensitive approaches to treatment, aiming to enhance outcomes, promote healthier lifestyles, and address comorbidities effectively.

According to lead researcher Dr. Anabel Martinez-Arán, integrating sex-specific considerations into clinical practice is crucial for better management of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, ultimately leading to improved patient care and quality of life.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-individual-sex-affect-bipolar-disorder.html