Biking and Its Potential to Support Healthy Brain Aging

Regular cycling may be a beneficial activity for maintaining brain health as we age. A recent study published in JAMA Network Open on June 9, 2025, highlights that individuals who engage in cycling for transportation experiences a 19% reduction in the risk of developing dementia and a 22% decrease in Alzheimer's disease risk. Interestingly, the study also found that cycling might promote growth in the hippocampus, a vital brain region involved in memory and learning.

The research analyzed data from nearly 480,000 participants in the UK Biobank, tracking their primary modes of transport excluding commuting to work. Over an average follow-up period of 13 years, more than 8,800 participants developed dementia, and around 4,000 developed Alzheimer's. Findings suggest that those incorporating cycling into their daily routines, along with activities like walking or using public transportation, had a lower incidence of these neurodegenerative conditions.

Experts like Dr. Liron Sinvani emphasize that cycling combines moderate to high-intensity exercise and engages complex brain functions such as balance, which might explain its protective benefits. She advocates for integrating active travel modes into daily life, like choosing to bike instead of driving when possible, or walking if biking isn't an option.

The study also explored genetic factors, revealing that individuals without the APOE E4 gene variant benefited the most from cycling, showing a 26% lower risk of dementia and a 25% reduced risk of Alzheimer's. Conversely, the protective effect was less significant in carriers of this gene. Interestingly, even driving was associated with some protective benefits against dementia compared to public transportation.

While the findings are promising, researchers caution that the observational nature of the study does not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Nonetheless, promoting active travel such as cycling appears to be a practical and accessible way to support cognitive health during aging.

Incorporating physical activity that challenges balance and engages the brain may help preserve mental functions over time. Whether through biking or walking, staying active and making it a part of a lifestyle-oriented approach can be crucial for brain health.