Weight Loss Program Improves Eating Disorder Symptoms in At-Risk Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Oxford has demonstrated that an intensive low-energy diet program can significantly improve symptoms of eating disorders among individuals with type 2 diabetes who are overweight or obese and show early signs of eating disorder behaviors. Published in The Lancet Psychiatry, this research suggests that structured weight loss interventions, such as the total diet replacement (TDR) program used in the study, could be both effective and safe for this vulnerable population.

The study involved 56 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within the past six years, all exhibiting symptoms of eating disorders identified through the validated Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Half of these participants undertook a six-month TDR program providing approximately 860 kcal/day, combined with behavioral support, akin to the NHS Path to Remission initiative. The control group continued with usual care from their general practitioners.

Results revealed that those on the TDR program experienced notable reductions in eating disorder symptoms, which persisted even six months after completing the program, despite slight weight regain. Additionally, participants in this group showed improvements in depression and diabetes-related distress. While the weight loss was substantial at six months (averaging 13.9 kg), the difference between groups diminished by the 12-month mark, and no new cases of eating disorders were suspected during the study.

These findings are particularly significant as they address prior concerns that weight loss diets might worsen eating disorder symptoms. Dr. Elena Tsompanaki, the study’s lead author, emphasized that their results challenge the assumption that weight loss programs are unsafe for at-risk individuals. Instead, the research indicates that with appropriate support, such programs can be beneficial for both physical and mental health.

Professor Susan Jebb highlighted that the promising safety profile of these programs could expand treatment options for patients. The study underscores the potential for structured weight management interventions to be integrated safely into care plans for individuals with complex health needs, including mental health aspects.

Limitations include the relatively small sample size and demographic factors, but ongoing follow-up studies aim to evaluate long-term outcomes. Overall, this research offers reassurance that restrictive, low-energy diets guided by professional support can be effectively and safely implemented, potentially transforming approaches to weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes and eating disorder symptoms.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-weight-loss-shown-disorder-symptoms.html