Innovative Urine Test May Predict Kidney Cancer Recurrence, Reducing Need for X-ray Scans

A groundbreaking study has revealed that a simple urine test could significantly improve monitoring for kidney cancer patients, potentially halving the frequency of X-ray scans traditionally used to detect cancer relapse. Conducted by researchers at Lund University in Sweden and published in European Urology Oncology, the study highlights the use of a GAGome test that analyzes specific sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans in urine samples.

Kidney cancer, particularly the most common form known as renal cell carcinoma, affects around 400,000 people worldwide each year. After curative surgery, approximately 20% of patients experience a recurrence within five years. Typically, these patients undergo regular CT scans, which involve exposure to radiation, generating radiation-related risks and causing considerable anxiety.

The new research involved 134 patients across 23 hospitals in ten countries. The GAGome test identified biomarkers that could detect cancer recurrence with remarkable sensitivity, correctly identifying 90% of those who experienced relapse. Even more promising was the test's negative predictive value, which showed a 97% chance that patients with a negative result truly had no recurrence.

The test's advantage lies in its ability to assess recurrence risk accurately through urine analysis, thereby reducing the need for frequent X-ray examinations. Dr. Saeed Dabestani, an associate professor at Lund University, explained that the biomarker set provides a robust basis for clinical decisions. "If the test is negative, we can be confident there is no recurrence, and if positive, further investigation is warranted," he said.

The study's methodology involved regular urine testing alongside standard imaging procedures, enhancing detection accuracy without additional radiation exposure. This approach not only has the potential to minimize patient anxiety and healthcare costs but also enables earlier detection of relapse, which could be crucial for improved outcomes.

While the results are promising, further research is needed to validate the effectiveness of the GAGome test in routine clinical practice. Dr. Dabestani and his team are planning an additional study in late 2025 to confirm the initial findings. Overall, this innovative urine test could transform post-surgical monitoring, making it safer, more comfortable, and cost-effective for patients.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-urine-kidney-cancer-recurrence.html