Uncovering the Physical and Psychological Effects of Ketamine Abuse

Recent research has shed light on the extensive physical health issues and psychological challenges faced by individuals abusing ketamine. The study, conducted jointly by the University of Exeter and University College London (UCL), is the most comprehensive to date, providing in-depth insights into the lived experiences of people struggling with ketamine use disorder.

The research involved interviews with 274 participants, revealing many symptoms previously under-recognized. Notably, 60% of users experienced bladder or nasal problems, and over half suffered from K-cramps—a painful organ cramping caused by excessive ketamine consumption. K-cramps are so distressing that users often relapse to the drug seeking relief. In severe cases, bladder damage may necessitate surgical removal of the bladder and the use of urostomy bags.

Psychological symptoms identified include intense cravings, persistent low mood, anxiety, and irritability. Despite these serious health concerns, only 56% of those affected sought treatment, and just 36% expressed satisfaction with the care they received.

Professor Celia Morgan from Exeter emphasized the rising trend of ketamine use, mentioning notable tragedies linked to its addiction, and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ketamine when used under controlled conditions with proper therapy. She pointed out that her team's research uniquely documents the devastating physical health consequences linked to heavy ketamine use and underscores barriers to treatment, such as lack of awareness and frequent dismissals by healthcare providers.

UK government data indicates ketamine use has more than doubled since 2016, with a tripling among 25-year-olds. Many participants reported inadequate awareness about the drug’s addictive potential, with some feeling too embarrassed to seek help. Interviews illustrated this lack of understanding, with one participant comparing ketamine’s addiction strength to heroin and criticising the low awareness among healthcare professionals, who often simply prescribed painkillers.

Rebecca Harding, a Ph.D. candidate at UCL, stressed the importance of improved recognition of ketamine's risks and the need for better treatment programs. She advocates for evidence-based treatments such as group therapy and pharmacological interventions to enhance care for those affected.

The study highlights a crucial gap in public and clinical awareness regarding ketamine addiction and calls for increased education, better treatment access, and targeted interventions to address the growing challenge of ketamine use disorder.