Hexagonal Spirals in the Umbilical Cord Aid in Regulating Fetal Temperature and Nutrient Exchange

Recent research conducted by scientists from The University of Manchester has uncovered the significant role of the twisted spiral structure within the umbilical cord in supporting fetal health during pregnancy. The umbilical cord, which acts as the vital connection between the mother and fetus, exhibits a complex coiled anatomy that has long intrigued biologists. This new study emphasizes how the specific spiral configuration enhances the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and heat, thereby helping to maintain stable conditions inside the womb.

Team members from Manchester St Mary's Hospital and the University of Malaysia collaborated to develop detailed mathematical models that analyze how the cord's unique twisted shape impacts its function. Their findings, published in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface, suggest that the spiral design optimizes the exchange processes, minimizing heat and oxygen loss, and stabilizing the baby's body temperature and oxygen levels before birth.

While the umbilical cord’s importance is well known, its detailed structural contribution to its function was not fully understood. This research illuminates how the physical geometry of the cord influences its operational efficiency. Dr. Igor Chernyavsky, the study’s lead author, highlights the significance of applying mathematical analysis to decipher the complex spirals of the cord, which could have implications for understanding abnormal cord configurations and their associated pregnancy complications.

Pregnancies complicated by issues like fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, often linked to abnormal umbilical cords, remain poorly understood, with these conditions affecting around 10% of pregnancies in the UK. The study's insights may pave the way for future research into the effects of incorrectly coiled cords, such as those that are too tight or too loose, and their impact on pregnancy outcomes.

The researchers hope that their work will contribute to better diagnostic and treatment approaches for complications related to umbilical cord structure. Further studies could uncover how variations in cord coiling influence fetal development and identify potential interventions to ensure healthier pregnancies.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-spirals-umbilical-cord-babies-cool.html