Ukraine Study Reveals Widespread Hepatitis B and C Exposure and Persistent Transmission Nationwide

A comprehensive study conducted across Ukraine, published in Eurosurveillance, highlights significant lifetime exposure to hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses within the Ukrainian population. The research, based on a 2021 nationwide representative sample, indicates substantial ongoing circulation of these infections, emphasizing ongoing public health challenges. The study utilized blood samples collected during a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey to test for various hepatitis markers, revealing a 3.3% prevalence of HCV antibodies, 11.6% for hepatitis B antibodies—including past or current infections—and a 0.9% rate of active HBV infections (HbsAg positive). Notably, older adults, especially those over 60, and residents in southern regions, exhibited higher infection rates. Men and urban dwellers in eastern and southern Ukraine also showed increased positivity for hepatitis markers. Despite Ukraine's efforts to combat viral hepatitis—such as integrating HBV vaccination into childhood immunization programs since 2002, achieving 88% coverage, and expanding screening and treatment—challenges remain. The ongoing war has further complicated public health initiatives by disrupting healthcare infrastructure, displacing populations, and hindering surveillance activities. Ukraine's strategic focus includes improving vaccination rates, expanding screening, and ensuring access to treatment, all crucial for reaching the global aim of hepatitis elimination by 2030. This study underscores the urgent need for strengthened prevention, early diagnosis, and effective management to reduce hepatitis-related health burdens in Ukraine.