Presence of Threadworm in the U.S. Indicates Revival of Forgotten Diseases

Recent studies conducted by researchers at the University of South Carolina have revealed a concerning resurgence of threadworm infections in South Carolina, particularly within the Appalachian region and southeastern states. Traditionally associated with impoverished countries lacking adequate sanitation and clean water, these parasitic roundworms—Strongyloides stercoralis—are now resurfacing in developed areas, raising alarms among public health experts.

The research, published in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, was led by Dr. Matthew Haldeman and epidemiologist Melissa Nolan from USC’s Institute of Infectious Disease Translational Research. Their investigation involved reviewing medical records over five years and analyzing frozen serum samples from residents, uncovering that approximately 5% of the population studied were infected with the parasite.

Surprisingly, nearly one-third of these infections appeared to be acquired locally, with the majority of affected individuals reporting no recent travel. This suggests that the parasite has established a foothold within communities, often going unnoticed. Experts emphasize that although the disease was thought to have been eradicated decades ago, these findings serve as a stark reminder that such neglected infections still pose a significant threat.

Threadworms are capable of causing severe health issues, especially in children, including chronic malnutrition, anemia, cognitive impairment, and hindered educational achievement. Their spread is exacerbated in low-income populations, perpetuating cycles of poverty and poor health. The resurgence underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and targeted public health interventions.

In the absence of comprehensive surveillance programs—such as the one established in collaboration with South Carolina Department of Public Health—these infections can continue to thrive undetected. The USC team’s approach combined medical record analysis with serological testing to detect ongoing infections, revealing a substantial presence of the parasite that warrants immediate attention.

Public health officials stress the need for continued research into the parasite’s transmission and control strategies. Future efforts aim to eliminate the persistent threat of these parasites, which exacerbate health disparities and hinder community development. Recognizing and addressing this hidden resurgence is crucial for improving health outcomes and preventing further spread.

Source: medicalxpress.com