Rising Trends in Obesity-Related Cancers in Puerto Rico

Recent research indicates a significant increase in obesity-associated cancers in Puerto Rico from 2000 to 2022. Presented at the 18th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities, the study highlights a concerning rise linked to the island's high obesity rates and recent social and environmental challenges.

Obesity greatly elevates the risk of several cancers, with studies showing a 10% to seven-fold increase in risk for various types. In Puerto Rico, obesity prevalence exceeds 36%, markedly higher than the approximately 20% seen in the mainland US, positioning the island among regions with the highest obesity rates.

The investigation, led by Dr. Carola T. Sánchez-Díaz from the UPRCCC, analyzed data from the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry. Findings revealed a steady annual increase of 1.4% in obesity-related cancers, contrasted with stable rates of non-obesity-related cancers. Women under 50 years showed the most rapid growth, with increases of 4.9% in those aged 30–39 and 4.6% in the 40–49 age group. In men under 40, thyroid, kidney, and colorectal cancers saw notable rises, while women under 40 experienced increasing rates of thyroid, uterine, and colorectal cancers.

Between 2018 and 2022, approximately 35,468 cases of obesity-associated cancers were documented, with the incidence rate surpassing that of earlier years, potentially influenced by natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic that disrupted healthcare access, nutrition, and physical activity.

The researchers emphasize the importance of tailored public health policies to promote healthier lifestyles and improve cancer screening efforts. Understanding Puerto Rico’s unique challenges—including economic crises, natural disasters, and infrastructure issues—is essential for addressing the disproportionate impact on the population.

While the study sheds light on trends and potential contributing factors, limitations such as incomplete data post-Hurricane Maria and pandemic-related disruptions restrict definitive conclusions. Further research incorporating individual-level data on obesity, behaviors, and healthcare access is needed to better understand the links and develop targeted interventions.

Addressing the rising tide of obesity-related cancers requires comprehensive strategies that consider Puerto Rico’s distinctive social and environmental context to improve health outcomes and reduce cancer burden on the island.