Research Highlights Addictive Potential of Ultra-Processed Foods

Recent findings from the University of Michigan and collaborating researchers provide strong evidence that ultra-processed foods—such as chips, cookies, soda, and other heavily engineered products—may be inherently addictive. These foods are not just tempting but can activate addictive behaviors that fulfill clinical criteria akin to substance use disorders.

The study synthesizes data from nearly 300 studies across 36 countries, revealing that ultra-processed foods can hijack the brain's reward system. This leads to cravings, difficulty controlling intake, and continued consumption despite negative health consequences—signs typically associated with addiction. Neuroimaging research further demonstrates that individuals engaging in compulsive consumption of these products show brain circuit disruptions similar to those observed in alcohol and cocaine addiction. Medications effective in reducing cravings for these foods have also shown promise in decreasing compulsive drug use, suggesting shared neurobiological pathways.

Despite the mounting evidence, ultra-processed food addiction remains unrecognized in official diagnostic manuals, a stance the authors criticize as a hazardous oversight given its public health implications. Rising concerns have prompted legislative interest, with recent U.S. congressional hearings discussing the role of such foods in childhood chronic illnesses, alongside a significant lawsuit targeting food companies accused of intentionally designing addictive products for children.

Experts like Ashley Gearhardt emphasize that these foods are engineered to impact the brain rapidly and intensely, much like drugs, unlike natural whole foods like apples or brown rice. The research highlights the importance of regulatory measures, including clearer labeling, marketing restrictions, and public education campaigns—paralleling tobacco control strategies. The article calls for official recognition of ultra-processed food addiction to facilitate research, diagnosis, and treatment, aiming to mitigate its harmful effects especially among children.

Published in Nature Medicine, this comprehensive review urges health authorities and policymakers to acknowledge the addictive potential of ultra-processed foods and implement protective measures to combat associated health risks.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-ultra-foods-trigger-addictive-behaviors.html