New Discoveries Reveal Diverse Roles of Proteins in Brain Communication

The intricate process of cellular communication within the human brain involves a complex network of proteins working in harmony. Recent research has shed light on the multifaceted roles of alpha-2-delta (α2δ) proteins, which are crucial for transmitting signals between neurons. These molecules, previously thought to primarily facilitate the formation of synapses, are now recognized as key regulators of signal strength and neuronal adaptability.

Led by Dr. Samuel Young, Jr. at the UNC School of Medicine, a groundbreaking study has demonstrated that α2δ proteins do more than just assist in synapse development. Using innovative mouse models, researchers discovered that these proteins are essential for modulating the overall strength of neural signals and orchestrating the neuron's ability to adapt to new experiences, stress, or memories. Importantly, genetic variations in these proteins are linked to neurological conditions such as chronic pain, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and migraines.

The study, published in the journal Neuron, challenges existing paradigms and could inform the development of targeted therapies for neurological disorders. Dr. Young emphasized that their findings also revealed a new role for α2δ proteins: influencing the levels of another protein, Munc13, which is vital for neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Mutations affecting Munc13 are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like frontal temporal lobe dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Further research will aim to detail the specific functions of the different α2δ isoforms and how they impact brain function and disease. The findings underscore the importance of understanding these proteins' diverse roles, which could lead to more effective treatments for a range of neurological conditions.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-proteins-important-brain-communication-roles.html