Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Major but Underrecognized Threat to Women's Health

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting about 10% of women worldwide, including a significant number of women in Canada. Unlike ovarian cysts, which are fluid-filled sacs in or on the ovary, PCOS involves hormonal imbalances that lead to enlarged ovaries with multiple follicles, irregular menstrual cycles, and numerous health complications.

Despite being identified nearly a century ago, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Many women experience symptoms such as irregular periods, excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), thinning or loss of hair, acne, oily skin, and weight gain. Unfortunately, these symptoms are often dismissed or misunderstood by healthcare providers, leading to delays in diagnosis that can span several years.

The implications of undiagnosed or untreated PCOS are profound. Women with this condition are 20% to 40% more likely to face adverse health outcomes, including hypertension, kidney disease, gastrointestinal issues, depression, and anxiety. Importantly, they are at a two to three times higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases like heart attack and stroke, which tend to occur three to four years earlier than average. This elevates the importance of early detection and effective management.

Managing PCOS involves lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress reduction techniques like yoga and mindfulness. Medical interventions may include hormone regulation and treatment for associated conditions like high cholesterol and diabetes. Since there is currently no cure, early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans are crucial.

Research efforts are ongoing globally, with recent guidelines advocating for individualized treatment approaches combining lifestyle changes, medical management, and regular screening for related health issues. In Canada, initiatives like Alberta’s clinical pathway seek to improve recognition and treatment of PCOS. Involvement of patient voices through advisory councils and advocacy organizations enhances awareness and research on this underappreciated condition.

Enhancing understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of PCOS is vital to improving women’s health outcomes worldwide, reducing the risk of serious illness and improving life quality for affected women.