Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Shows Promise in Enhancing Cognitive Flexibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Recent research from the University of Tokyo highlights the potential of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to improve cognitive adaptability in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A study published in Nature Neuroscience examined the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with real-time brain monitoring. The researchers focused on addressing neural rigidity—a state where the brain remains stuck in specific activity patterns—common in people with ASD that contributes to social and behavioral challenges.

The innovative method, called brain state-driven neural stimulation (BDNS), delivers targeted TMS pulses precisely when the brain exhibits rigid state activity, aiming to enhance neural flexibility. In a 24-week study involving over 40 adults with mild ASD, participants received weekly sessions of BDNS. Results showed significant behavioral changes, including increased social and perceptual responsiveness, with effects persisting up to two months post-treatment.

The findings suggest that neural rigidity is not just a symptom but a potential cause of various autistic traits at a biological level. By increasing the brain's ability to transition between states, BDNS could mitigate core features of ASD, such as social interaction difficulties and repetitive behaviors. The research also indicates that this approach could be adapted for other neuropsychiatric disorders, including ADHD and OCD.

While promising, the researchers emphasize the need for larger, more diverse trials to optimize treatment protocols and assess long-term benefits. If further validated, BDNS could pave the way for a new, noninvasive therapeutic option for autism and possibly other neurodevelopmental conditions, offering hope for improved quality of life.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-exploring-noninvasive-brain-tool-cognitive.html