Scientists Discover Natural Compounds That Boost Brain Cell Cleanup and Potentially Combat Alzheimer's

Recent research from the University of California, Irvine, has identified a promising approach to rejuvenate aging brain cells and mitigate neurodegenerative damage through natural compounds. Published in the journal GeroScience, the study highlights how a combination of nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, and epigallocatechin gallate, an antioxidant found in green tea, can restore critical energy molecules within neurons.

The research focused on understanding how aging impacts brain cell function, particularly the decline of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) levels, which are vital for cellular energy and function. Using advanced fluorescent sensors in neurons derived from aged Alzheimer’s model mice, scientists observed that GTP levels markedly decreased with age, especially in mitochondria—the cell’s energy centers—and this led to impaired autophagy, the process by which cells eliminate harmful components.

When aged neurons were treated with nicotinamide and epigallocatechin gallate for just 24 hours, GTP levels were replenished to those typical of younger cells. This rejuvenation activated pathways responsible for cellular trafficking and autophagy, thereby enhancing the clearance of amyloid beta, a protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, oxidative stress, which damages cells and contributes to neurodegeneration, was also reduced.

Lead researcher Gregory Brewer explained that this intervention highlights GTP as a key energy source influencing brain health. By leveraging supplements already available as dietary aids, there is potential to develop new strategies against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. However, Brewer cautioned that optimizing delivery methods is necessary, as previous trials with oral nicotinamide showed limited effectiveness due to inactivation in the bloodstream.

This discovery opens avenues for further research into metabolic support for brain health, suggesting that boosting essential energy molecules may help restore neuron function and delay neurodegenerative processes. Future studies are required to refine treatment protocols and confirm efficacy in clinical settings.

For more details, see the full study in GeroScience.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-vitamin-b3-green-tea-compound.html