Minimal Evidence of Fertility Risks in Men Taking Epilepsy Medication

A comprehensive international study conducted by the University of Liverpool has revealed that sodium valproate, a common medication used in treating epilepsy and bipolar disorder, appears to have minimal impact on male fertility. Despite longstanding concerns about the drug's potential reproductive side effects, recent research suggests these fears may be largely unfounded.

Sodium valproate is a highly effective treatment option for millions globally, but in countries like the UK, its use in men is regulated more strictly due to the possible risks identified during pregnancy, including birth defects and developmental issues in children. These risks have led to restrictions, especially for women of childbearing age. However, worries about similar adverse effects in men, such as reduced fertility or transgenerational effects, have persisted.

The study, published in
Nature Communications, utilized data from TriNetX, an extensive healthcare database covering over 200 organizations across 19 nations. It compared nearly 92,000 men with epilepsy or bipolar disorder who had used sodium valproate against approximately 536,000 men with the same conditions who had not. Using advanced statistical matching to ensure comparability, the researchers found very little difference in infertility rates, sperm quality, or hormone levels between the two groups.

Lead researcher Dr. Gashirai Mbizvo emphasized that the findings challenge previous assumptions. "In the largest study of its kind, we found little evidence that valproate impairs male fertility beyond the effects of the underlying condition or other medications," she explained. The results may help alleviate fears that could lead men to discontinue essential treatment, risking uncontrolled seizures and serious health consequences.

While the study leverages indirect indicators of fertility, such as diagnoses and hormone levels, it highlights the need for future research focusing on actual conception outcomes and birth rates. Despite limitations, these findings contribute to a more balanced understanding of valproate's safety profile and can inform treatment decisions.

Overall, the evidence suggests that concerns about male fertility effects should not automatically lead to medication discontinuation. Patients are encouraged to consult healthcare professionals for personalized advice and further information.

Source: MedicalXpress