Midlife Physical Activity Boosts Brain Health and May Reduce Alzheimer's Risk

Research indicates that increasing physical activity levels between the ages of 45 and 65 can significantly contribute to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. A recent study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia emphasizes the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle in middle age to support brain health and potentially reduce disease risk.

The collaborative research effort by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) and the Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) assessed 337 middle-aged individuals, many with a family history of Alzheimer's. Over four years, participants’ physical activity was tracked through questionnaires, and neuroimaging tests examined changes in brain structure and amyloid protein accumulation—a hallmark of Alzheimer's pathology.

Findings revealed that participants who increased their physical activity to meet the World Health Organization's recommended 150-300 minutes of moderate exercise weekly experienced less beta-amyloid buildup and greater thickness in brain regions associated with memory and cognitive function. Interestingly, even those engaging in less activity than recommended showed benefits, suggesting that any movement is advantageous.

The study also demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship: the more individuals increased their activity, the greater the protective effects observed. These results underscore that promoting physical activity during midlife can be a key public health strategy to mitigate the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Researchers highlight that physical activity affects brain health not only by improving cardiovascular and mental health but also by directly influencing brain pathology associated with Alzheimer’s. Encouraging regular exercise could, therefore, play a critical role in future preventive interventions.

Ultimately, this research supports the importance of active lifestyles in middle age, reinforcing policies and programs that motivate individuals to stay physically engaged for better brain health and reduced Alzheimer’s risk.