Microplastics Bound to Proteins May Damage Brain Cells and Pose Neurotoxic Risks

Recent research from Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) has shed light on a concerning aspect of microplastic pollution: their ability to bind to proteins within the human body and potentially cause neurotoxicity. The study indicates that when microplastics enter the body, they can attach to various proteins, disrupting normal cellular functions and triggering inflammatory responses. Using advanced proteomics analysis, scientists demonstrated how these protein-bound microplastics alter key biological processes, including protein synthesis, RNA processing, lipid metabolism, and cellular transport.

The research involved treating mouse serum with microplastics, which resulted in the formation of complexes absorbed by brain-derived neurons and microglia. The findings revealed that these complexes disturbed vital cellular activities, suggesting damage at the cellular level beyond physical stimulation alone. Notably, microplastics with attached proteins induced inflammatory gene expression, interfered with cell signaling pathways, and showed potential to act as neurotoxicants if accumulated in the body.

This groundbreaking study underscores that microplastics are more than merely physical pollutants; their ability to bind to proteins amplifies their biological hazard. The findings highlight a new perspective in assessing the risks associated with microplastic exposure and emphasize the importance of understanding their interactions within the body. Experts from DGIST stress that these interactions could have serious implications for brain health, pointing to the urgency of addressing microplastic pollution.

The research was published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology and was led by Director Seongkyoon Choi and Professor Wookyung Yu. As plastics continue to leak into the environment due to low recycling rates, microplastics increasingly infiltrate the human body via air, water, and food. This study advances our understanding of how protein-binding microplastics could contribute to neurological disorders and other health issues, emphasizing the need for further research and policy action to mitigate their impact.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-protein-bound-microplastics-disrupt-brain.html